In a conventional installation, a switch directly breaks the circuit to a light. KNX uses two separate lines: the power cabling to lights, motors and appliances, and a thin data cable (the bus) that links every KNX device. When you press a button on the wall, it sends a message over the bus. An actuator in the distribution board picks it up and switches the right circuit.
That has some practical consequences:
- What a button does is set in software, not by wiring. Turning a living room button into "all lights off" later doesn't involve opening a wall.
- Each device carries its own logic, so the system doesn't depend on one central controller. If a device fails, the rest carry on.
- Lighting, blinds, heating, ventilation, sensors and security all talk over the same bus.

